| Part of speech | Most common function | Examples |
| noun | to name a person, place, or thing | teacher, mountain, idea |
| verb | to do or be something | eat, sleep, think, seem |
| adjective | to describe a noun | silly, huge, boring |
| adverb | to describe how something is done | quickly, well, carelessly |
| pronoun | to take the place of a noun | I, she, it, that, them |
| conjunction | to join words, phrases, and clauses | and, so, because, when |
| preposition | to introduce a phrase of when, where or how | on, in front of, by, with |
| article* | to specify or generalize a noun | the, a, an |
| interjection | to express emotion | hey, wow, ouch |